Auditory and visual messages Essays

Sound-related and visual messages Essays Sound-related and visual messages Essay Sound-related and visual messages Essay Pundits are continually featuring the way that air traffic controllers utilize 1960s vintage gear. One of the said pundits gave a delineation regarding how issues are exacerbated by the out of date structure of the framework and he composed, Though his radar is two-dimensional, the controller must imagine the planes’ flight ways in three measurements †¦ He should consider that, state, one plane is turning forcefully and quickly plummeting while the other is gradually climbing †¦ he’ll rapidly jump on his radio to educate one of the pilots †¦ just if his message isn’t jumbled or muffled or misconstrued will a mishap be deflected (Leslie, 1996).But during the 1990s much has been done to keep this startling chance from ever happening. It really is ideal that improved airplane innovation, has now made it conceivable to fly with accuracy. The pilots can work with PCs to include any ideal way starting with one point then onto the next in the mainland United States †¦ and to streamline for whatever rules are wanted †separation, time, fuel utilization, etc (Remington et al., 2000).In along these lines pilots can have more opportunity and greater power to explore contracted airspaces and position their airplane to accomplish time-effective calendars while simultaneously keeping mishaps from occurring. Beside the capacity to enhance flight designs a free flight framework kills potential blunders originating from sound-related messages †the run of the mill methods for correspondence between traffic controllers and pilots.This is shown underneath: It should likewise be clarified that air traffic controllers are not just answerable for situating airplanes and directing pilots on where to go particularly if th e volume of traffic arrives at a basic point. Air traffic controllers are additionally mindful in managing pilots if a crisis emerges. There are such a large number of things that can turn out badly in an airports.The appearance and takeoff of planes require the expertise and commitment of experienced air traffic controllers who are proficient not just on the most proficient method to direct and manage pilots yet they are likewise mindful about other pertinent data that can help in a crisis however might be unimportant for a pilot whose fundamental objective is to set down and fly the plane in the most productive way. Subsequently, air traffic controllers are learned about the accompanying data yet there is no assurance that pilots know about the equivalent: Traffic volume and flow;Types of airplane working inside the segment; Location and movement of close by terminal offices; Special activities and methodology (e. g. military activities); Equipment impediments; and Radar and radio inclusion (Durso et al. , 2004). Free Flight In the realms of specialists, One proposed change to the national airspace framework, intended to build its ability, includes designating greater authority over flight way choice to the individual pilot. This proposed increment in pilot authority has been named free flight or use-favored directing (Wickens, Helleberg, Xu, 2002).As referenced prior not exclusively are air traffic controllers overburdened by an expanding outstanding burden, their gear are additionally restricted to two dimensional showcases while pilots had a greatly improved vantage moment that it comes to watching the world outside their cockpits. In short if pilots are offered access to innovation that will permit them to know about close by planes just as the directions open for them, they are in a superior situation to choose how to manage their airplane while drawing closer to land.One case of an innovation that can start the progress from out of date air traffic the board frameworks to free flight is a hardware called Cockpit show of traffic data or (CDTI) and information interface correspondences framework. As per the individuals who are proficient about this framework, One capacity of CDTI will be to help pilots comprehend where traffic outside can be spotted and along these lines help them I calling out traffic in sight’ by supplanting conventional job of ATC I directing consideration through oral guidelines (for example watch for traffic, 10:00 high, 2 miles out). On account of the information interface, the goal is to give a visual book rendition of directions (e. g. move to flight level 220). (Wickens Goh, 2003). Figure 1, is extraordinary compared to other outline that can help clarify the shortcoming of the customary arrangement of correspondence when there is an over dependence on sound-related messages. Fig. 2. CDTI can be seen on the dark presentation on the left while the information interface messages can be found in the white square shape simply above CDTI. (Source: Wickens Goh, 2003) Problems Encountered While there is extraordinary guarantee to the utilization of free flight frameworks there are the individuals who have reservations to rapidly receiving the new strategy for air traffic the executives. For one, This modification could have significant ramifications for a solitary pilot airplane, in which visual consideration is as of now vigorously troubled by duties of instrument-board examining and outside world checking (Wickens Goh, 2003).There are planes that have just one pilot and the mechanical advances, for example, the one depicted in the previous pages may overpower the lone pilot. Yet, there is one more issue related with free flight. Indeed, even with the utilization present day airplane plan and instrument boards a pilot is as of now overburdened by the need to give cautious consideration to the subtleties of the flight. In this manner, †¦changing from sound-related to visual correspondence in an effectively bustlin g visual condition (Wickens Goh, 2003), can be an extreme test.

Principles of Corporate Finance Law

Question: Disucss about the Principles of Corporate Finance Law. Answer: No risk organization enrollment An organization that is open organization in nature and is restricted by shares called to be the no risk organization. The primary business exercises of the no obligation organization are worried to mining and oil or gas extraction. These kinds of the organizations are totally different and one of a kind in contrast with different sorts of organizations regarding structure (CC, 2017). Additionally, an open organization constrained by shares is called to no obligation organization in Australia. This organization may give its offers to open. The no risk organizations might be enlisted by partnership act, 2001 if the organization meets all the terms and condition characterized in segment 112 and 117 of the enterprise demonstration (CCA, 2010). The area 112 depicts that Proprietary organizations restricted by share and boundless with share capital can be enrolled in enterprise act, 2001. Alongside this, open organization restricted by offer and assurance, boundless with shares, and no risk can be enlisted by this demonstration. There is an arrangement of enlistment for the no obligation organizations if the organizations have share capital, the organizations are occupied with the mining exercises, and the organizations doesn't have any authoritative rights to recuperate the approaches shares (CCA, 2010). The beneath give table gives the bits of knowledge into the arrangement for no risk organization in company act, 2001. Name of the theme Arrangements Names of organization Area 148, Section 162, and Section 156 Terms for issuance of offers Area 254B Obligation on the offers somewhat paid Area 254M Approaches shares Segment 254P and 254R Ending up of the organization Area 477, 478,483, and 514 Enlistment of the organization 601BA Source: CCA, (2010) The organization to be enrolled as no risk organization, must not be occupied with the business exercises not applicable to the mining reason. Additionally, area 117 depicts the application arrangements and procedure of the enlistment of various sorts of organizations including no obligation organization. For getting the organization enrolled, an individual must need to fill an application structure with ASIC (OPC, 2013). As clarified in segment 112 that what sorts of the organizations are esteemed qualified for the enrollment in enterprise act, 2001. The application structure must be topped off with the substance given in beneath focuses: Name of the organization Kind of the organization, which must be enrolled Names and affirmed address of the intentional individual from the organization Names, address, date and spot of birth of the executives of the organization Name and address of the organization secretary of the organization Address of the companys enlisted office must be found As per segment 118, the ASIC gives the organization Can, register the organization and issue enlistment declaration that incorporates the name of the organization, ACN of the organization, the sort and nature of the organization, Act of the enrollment, date of enrollment, and states in which the organization is registered(ASIC, 2016). As indicated by segment 119, the organization turns into the legitimate corporate body to work together from the earliest starting point day of the enrollment. As indicated by area 148, the name of the no risk organization closes with the word No Liability. As per segment 121, the location written in the application type of enlistment turns into the enrolled companys office after enrollment (OPC, 2013). Subsequently, no risk organization can be enlisted with satisfying some condition portrayed in various segment of company act, 2001. Convention of the capital upkeep: The convention of the capital is the basic standard joined in the business law, which limits the organization to keep up the segment of their offer capital with them fairly coming back to the investors without consent of the court or following explicit technique (Tomasic, 2015). There is two fundamental purposes for the start of the tenet. One is to secure the unmistakable fascination of the leasers in the organization, and second is to guarantee the dematerialization of the advantages of the organization legitimately (Islam, 2013). The principle of capital backings the standards for installment of profit to the investors, decrease in the offer capital of the organization, and limitation on the money related help by the organization to buy its own offers. The precept of the standard was created to control the organizations from purchasing their own offers. As per this rule, an organization can't accepting its own offer until it experiences the particular methodology recommended in act. Alongside this, the auxiliary additionally can't accepting the portions of holding or child rearing organization. The organization must deliver profits to its investors from out of the distributable benefit. The guideline of the capital upkeep was made in mid-nineteenth century. The primary introducing component of the teaching was that the investors ought to be restored their capital after the installment of the loan bosses of the organization (Gullifer and Payne, 2015). The regulation of the capital support was modified in 1980 and new rule legal methodology was set up instead of that. In 1998, the guideline of capital upkeep was come down to as far as possible to some particular sort of capital exchange. As indicated by this new rule, the offers can be reclaimed or repurchased dependent on the arrangements in segment 684-723 under the organization demonstration, 2006. Moreover, in Australia, the arrangement for share buyback was remembered for enterprise act, 2001 (Islam, 2013). Along these lines, it tends to be said that the teaching of the capital support despite everything exists in the organization law with some essential components, which gives the establishment for revisions. After the changes, organizations got qualified for decrease their offer capital, if should be so. The Corporation Act, 2001 requires the organizations for safeguarding their offer money to secure the enthusiasm of the banks of the organization. The upkeep of the capital is important to meet the necessities of financial specialists and banks or loan bosses of the organization. Under this demonstration, the organization can decrease its offer capital yet conforming to the severe lawful system and having a strong and legitimate explanation endorsed in the demonstration (Ferran and Ho, 2014). The precept of capital upkeep in Australia is motivated structure the oversea purview with a similar sort of monetary and lawful system, for example, UK and US. Yet, UK and US has surrendered the guideline of capital upkeep yet it is as yet the piece of Australian legitimate structure with certain revisions. The standard is the vital piece of the Corporation Law in Australia administering the offer capital support, installment of profit, and decrease in share capital by the organizations (Berk e t al, 2013). There is arrangement for decrease in share capital, buyback of offers, money related help, and installment of profit out of distributable benefit with some particular terms and conditions in Corporation Act, 2001. References: ASIC, (2016) Using 'Constrained', 'No Liability' or 'Restrictive' in a name [Online] Available at: https://asic.gov.au/about-asic/get in touch with us/how-to-gripe/utilizing restricted no-risk or-exclusive in-a-name/(Accessed: 17 January 2017). Berk, J., DeMarzo, P., Harford, J., Ford, G., Mollica, V., Finch, N. (2013)Fundamentals of corporate account. AU: Pearson Higher Education. CCA, (2010) CORPORATIONS ACT 2001 - SECT 112[Online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s112.html (Accessed: 17 January 2017). CCA, (2010) CORPORATIONS ACT 2001 SECT 117 [Online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s117.html (Accessed: 17 January 2017). Ferran, E., Ho, L. C. (2014)Principles of corporate fund law. UK: Oxford University Press. Gullifer, L., Payne, J. (2015)Corporate fund law: standards and strategy. UK: Bloomsbury Publishing. Islam, S., (2013) the Doctrine of Capital Maintenance and its Statutory Developments: An Analysis: The Northern University Journal of Law, Volume IV. Pp, 47-50. OPC, (2013) Corporation Act, 2001 [Online] Available at: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/au/au196en.pdf (Accessed: 17 January 2017). Tomasic, R., (2015) the Rise and fall of the Capital Maintenance Doctrine in Australian Corporate Law. Global Company and Commercial Law Review, 26(5), pp.174-187. CC, (2017) No Liability organization [Online] Available at: https://www.castlecorp.com.au/items/no-obligation organizations/(Accessed: 17 January 2017).

Love and a Lack of Time The Sonnet from Shakespeare to the Present Day - Literature Essay Samples

Sonnets are traditionally fourteen line poems written in iambic pentameter. They often adhere to either a Shakespearean, Petrarchan, or Spenserian rhyme scheme, or they can contain a mixture known as a diaspora rhyme scheme. Many times, sonnets are about topics such as mortality, love, time, and nostalgia and have a shift known as a volta in which the point of view or the tone takes a turn. In this case, the topics of love and a lack of time are explored through the sonnets â€Å"Her Portrait, â€Å"Sonnet 19,† and â€Å"I Ask My Mother to Sing.† The first sonnet, â€Å"Her Portrait,† by Jean Blewett does not fit into a conventional form, though it starts off as a Shakespearean sonnet and contains fourteen lines. Interestingly, the volta occurs after line eight, which is also when the poem begins to digress from the traditional Shakespearean rhyme scheme. The volta is marked by a shift from a past memory back to the present day. On a literal level, â€Å"Her Portrait† is about a painting of a young child and the way it has sustained over time. Yet, through metaphor, color imagery, and a contrast between time and preservation, Blewett demonstrates the way in which love imprints things into our memory. The sonnet begins by describing a little girl that has been painted â€Å"on the wall of mem’ry dull and grey† (Blewett 1-3). In these beginning lines, the painter is Love, a metaphor for a person who loves his muse so much, that he can remember her even when all other memories become a blur. The metic ulous care with which a person would paint a face is paralleled to the way in which a person would observe all the details of the person he loved. Despite the dreariness of the narrator’s life, the young girl remains a beacon of youth and happiness preserved forever in his memory. This idea of unending love is also demonstrated through color imagery. While reality is dull and grey, the â€Å"curls of gold† and the â€Å"changing blush† of the girl in the painting remain vibrant throughout time (4-6). This is largely representative of the way the narrator views his life—one that really had no meaning and no spark except for those moments with the young girl whose eyes â€Å"light up the wall of mem’ry dull and grey† (14). There are also clear contrasts within the sonnet. In the painting, there is a sense of movement described as the â€Å"sparrows brown and bold that flutter to her feet† (8). This is starkly contrasted in the next sent ence, which says the painting â€Å"hangs there still† (9). The dichotomies within the poem are also apparent in the way that time continues to move and carry on while a painting remains always constant. Despite the fact that so much time has passed since the portrait was first painted, it remains exactly the way it was that day, just as the narrator’s memory of her remains perfectly intact. And unlike the youthful girl whose â€Å"sweet lips hold their smile and can thrill,† the narrator is so old that his life has become a blur of greyness (12). Ironically, a painting, something that is unchanging and still, becomes a more lively and beautiful representation of the narrator’s life than his actual life. This sonnet is one of incredible nostalgia and sadness. Ultimately, Jean Blewett’s â€Å"Her Portrait† is about a man who loved a young girl so strongly that all other memories greyed in comparison to her and her lively spirit. In the next poem, â€Å"Sonnet 19† by William Shakespeare, the narrator begs Time to not interfere with the beauty of his lover. Like all Shakespearean sonnets, it is composed of fourteen lines and has an â€Å"abab/cdcd/efef/gg† rhyme scheme. And similarly, it deals with the universal topics of love and time. Ultimately, through personification, imagery, and a motif of sharpness, Shakespeare conveys his desire to keep his lover from aging so that they may remain together forever. Beginning in the first line of the poem, the narrator addresses the character of Time, and personifies him as a creature that devours everything in his wake. This is largely paralleled to the lions and tigers described in the next couple lines. Yet, Time is even more deadly than those beasts because it has the power to â€Å"blunt thou the lion’s paws† and â€Å"pluck the keen teeth from the fierce tiger’s jaws† (Shakespeare 2-4). And beyond that, Time is more power ful than even Mother Nature, who is also personified, seen in the way that Time can â€Å"make the earth devour her own sweet brood† as well as determine what seasons will be happy or sad—a fact that one would think would be left up to Mother Nature. (2). Time is once again personified later in the sonnet when the narrator begs that it not carve lines, or wrinkles, into his lover’s forehead, demonstrating his desire to keep his lover young forever. The vivid animal imagery throughout â€Å"Sonnet 19† also serves as a powerful tool in conveying the strength of Time. In Shakespeare’s descriptions, Time removes the claws and teeth of some of the mightiest animals—largely the parts that make those animals so mighty in the first place. It is because of this description that we understand how Time affects humans. Just as it removes the most lethal parts of animals, it strips people of their faculties and their beauty. This is perhaps why the narrator begs that his lover’s brow remain intact and why he wants nothing more than for time to â€Å"allow for beauty’s pattern to succeeding men† or for his lover’s beauty to become an example of perfection for generations to come (12). And in describing how Time can kill even Phoenixes, who traditionally burn themselves only to be resurrected from the ashes, Shakespeare shows us that nothing is above the power of Time—not even those things which appear immortal. Lastly, Shakespeare demonstrates the supremacy of Time through a motif of sharpness. This is seen in the way the narrator asks that Time â€Å"carve not with thy hours my love’s fair brow† as well in the sharpness of the claws and the teeth of the animals (9). This sharpness can be compared to the way Shakespeare views life in general—as such a short and fleeting experience that he needs to beg for more Time, even when he knows that what he is asking for is impossible. Despite the fact that he claims, â€Å"I forbid thee one most heinous crime,† it is clear that he doubts himself because in the last two lines he gives in and declares that his lover will remain immortal through Shakespeare’s poetry (8). The motif of sharpness seen in the animals and in the antique pen as well as in the short span of life adds to the idea that Time unfairly pulls two lovers apart. Ultimately, not even his pleas are enough to keep Time from reaching his lover and the only thing he can find comfort in is the fact that the poetry will keep his lover alive in spirit. I t is this volta between the first twelve lines and the rhyming couplet at the end that demonstrates his surrender to time. Thus, in â€Å"Sonnet 19,† the poetic devices of personification, imagery, and motif all contribute to the central theme of the sonnet: that the effects of Time are inevitable. Shakespeare realizes this by the end, though in some ways, he succeeds in beating time through the publication of this poem. The last poem, â€Å"I Ask My Mother to Sing† by Li-Young Lee, represents the least traditional of the three sonnets. Not only is it written in blank verse, but the title becomes an extra line of the poem. Yet like the other two, it is about love and nostalgia. The narrator, his mother, and his grandmother all long for the past when the narrator’s father was alive and also for China—a place that the narrator feels connected to despite the fact that he has never been. Through plot, imagery, and motif, LI-Young Lee conveys a sense of longing not only for a loved one, but for one’s place of origin. The narrator begins by asking his mother to sing a song that she used to sing with his father when he was alive. Both the narrator’s grandmother and mother begin to sing and for a little while, he is transported to China and connected to his culture. The two women become overwhelmed with emotion and begin to cry, though they continue to sing their sad song. In this narrator’s case, he is afflicted with both a lack of time with his father and a complete absence of time with his roots back in China. In describing how he has never been to Peking and the Summer Palace and in saying, â€Å"I love to hear it sung,† we, as readers, understand that his connection with the song results from more than simply the loss of his father—it is about his longing for a heritage that he never truly experienced. This longing is demonstrated through incredibly vivid imagery from the way his father â€Å"would play his accordion and sway like a boat† (3-4) to the way â€Å"the waterlilies fill with rain until they overturn, spilling water into water, then rock back, and fill with more† (10-12). Yet Li-Young Lee manages to not only enrapture our visual senses, but our audible ones as well. We can see his father playing the accordion and hear the music he plays. We can see the picnickers running and hear the song being sung. We can see the waterlilies rocking and hear the crying of the two women. This is a poem that takes over the senses completely. And despite the sadness of this sonnet, there is an extremely soothing quality about it that is achieved through motifs of water and rocking. The water motif is demonstrated with the rain over Kuen Ming Lake and the waterlilies that spill over as well as with the crying. Similarly, the rocking is seen with the way the narrator’s father swayed and played the accordion and in the way the waterlillies rock back and forth. And more than that, there is almost a rocking feel to the poem itself. The euphony of lines like â€Å"how the waterlillies fill with rain† and the lyrical way in which the sonnet is written contribute to this sense of flow and rocking (10). Similarly, the water and rocking motif both contribute to the sense of movement in the poem and the idea that nothing stands still. This sense of movement is seen with the waterlillies that continue to fill up and spill water and with the running picnickers as well as in the way that â€Å"Both women have begun to cry, though neither stops her song† (13-14). In the beginning of the poem, the two women begin to sing and by the volta, not only are they still singing, but they have now begun to cry as well. There is this clear sense that things continue to move on, just as time continues to move as well. Through devices like plot, imagery, and motif, Li-Young Lee conveys in â€Å"I Ask My Mother to Sing† the incredible sadness of losing a loved one, as well as the desire to find oneself through one’s heritage. The song therefore becomes a sort of soothing eulogy for a family that has experienced loss and a boy that longs for China. In â€Å"Her Portrait, â€Å"Sonnet 19,† and â€Å"I Ask My Mother to Sing,† a common topic of time and the lack thereof it emerges. Through these three sonnets, we see that when people are in love or love each other, there can never be enough time. It is because of this idea that one must always be conscious of the fact that time will one day run out.

The Third Estate During the French Revolution

In early modern Europe, the Estates were a theoretical division of a countrys population, and the Third Estate referred to the mass of normal, everyday people. They played a vital role in the early days of the French Revolution, which also ended the common use of the division. The Three Estates Sometimes, in late medieval and early France, a gathering termed  an Estates General was called. This was a representative body designed to rubber-stamp the decisions of the king. It was not a parliament as the English would understand it, and it often didnt do what the monarch was hoping for, and by the late eighteenth century had fallen out of royal favor. This Estates General divided the representatives who came to it into three, and this division was often applied to French society as a whole. The First Estate was comprised of the clergy, the Second Estate the nobility, and the Third Estate everyone else. Makeup of the Estates The Third Estate was thus a vastly larger proportion of the population than the other two estates, but in the Estates General, they only had one vote, the same as the other two estates had each. Equally, the representatives who went to the Estates General werent drawn evenly across all of society: they tended to be the well to do clergy and nobles, such as the middle class. When the Estates General was called in the late 1980s, many of the Third Estates representatives were lawyers and other professionals, rather than anyone in what would be considered in socialist theory lower class. The Third Estate Makes History The Third Estate would become a very important early part of the French Revolution. In the aftermath of Frances decisive aid to the colonists in the American War of Independence, the French crown found itself in a terrible financial position. Experts on finance  came and went, but nothing was resolving the issue, and the French king accepted appeals for an Estates General to be called and for this to rubber-stamp financial reform. However, from a royal point of view, it went terribly wrong. The Estates was called, the votes were had, and representatives arrived to form the Estates General. But the dramatic inequality in voting—the Third Estate represented more people, but only had the same voting power as the clergy or the nobility—led to the Third Estate demanding more voting power, and as things developed, more rights. The king mishandled events, and so did his advisors, while members of both the clergy and the nobility went over (physically) to the Third Estate to support their demands. In 1789, this led to the creation of a new National Assembly that better represented those not part of the clergy or nobility. In turn, they also effectively started the French Revolution, which would sweep away not just the king and the old laws but the whole Estates system in favor of citizenship. The Third Estate had therefore  left a major mark on history when it effectively gained the power to dissolve itself.

heypih Essay - 2506 Words

Najah Ronya Imad 212125025 Strategic Management - MMM365 T2 2014 HM Individual Case Analysis Word count: 2393 Q1. What do you think is the most critical strategic issue confronting HM? Explain your answer by drawing on relevant topics in Strategic Management The most critical strategic issue that HM needs to confront is the declining market position in relation to the rapid expansion of Zara and other fashion retailers. Hennes and Maurtiz, or also known for short as HM, is a big billion dollar Swedish fashion company which engages in designing and retailing fashion products from cosmetics, footwear and accessories for men, women and children. Operating all over the globe, throughout 43†¦show more content†¦Thanks to these, HM was ranked number 21 out of 100 for the most valuable global brands according to inter brand in 2011, with a brand value of 16.5 billion dollars. In comparison with close competitor Zara ranked in at number 44 with 8 billion dollars’ worth of brand value. This huge difference can partly be attributed to HM’s long term advertising campaigns with high-profile celebrities. In order to enhance the value of its brand name, HM spends around 5% of its revenue on advertising. HM has also established a strong social media presence. The company aims to become part of its customer’s daily lives through its pages on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Google+ and YouTube as well as the Chinese social media networks Youku and Sina Weibo. Through these networks followers share ideas and opinions and get quick answers to their questions. This is important for this day and ages were people do not want to wait for too long. Also new fashion videos and catwalks are constantly uploaded to YouTube with millions of views. The App for uses is also new which offers the latest collection and campaigns and find out what is new. In relation to strategic management it’s important to note the Five Forces Framework when determining the competitive forces. If an industry has low competitiveness then there will be an expected high level of profit then in comparison to

Taming Of The Shrew (972 words) Essay Example For Students

Taming Of The Shrew (972 words) Essay Taming Of The ShrewThe Taming Of The Shrew by William Shakespeare is probably one of Shakespearesearliest comedies. Its plot is derived from the popular war of the sexes themein which males and females are pitted against one another for dominance inmarriage. The play begins with an induction in which a drunkard, ChristopherSly, is fooled into believing he is a king and has a play performed for him. Theplay he watches is what constitutes the main body of The Taming Of The Shrew. Init, a wealthy land owner, Baptista Minola, attempts to have his two daughtersmarried. One is very shrewish, Katherine, while the other is the beautiful andgentle Bianca. In order to ensure Katherine is married, Baptista disallowsBianca to be espoused until Katherine is wed, forcing the many suitors to Biancato find a mate for Katherine in order for them to vie for Biancas love. Manycritics of the play condemn it for the blatant sexist attitude it has towardwomen but closer examination of the play and the int ricacies of its structurereveal that it is not merely a story of how men should put women in theirplace. The play is, in fact, a comedy about an assertive woman coping with howshe is expected to act in the society of the late sixteenth century and of howone must obey the unwritten rules of a society to be accepted in it. Althoughthe play ends with her outwardly conforming to the norms of society, this is inaction only, not in mind. Although she assumes the role of the obedient wife,inwardly she still retains her assertiveness. Most of the plays humour comesfrom the way in which characters create false realities by disguising themselvesas other people, a device first introduced in the induction. Initially this isaccomplished by having Christopher Sly believe he is someone he is not and thenby having the main play performed for him. By putting The Taming Of The Shrew ina play within a play structure, Shakespeare immediately lets the audience knowthat the play is not real thus making a ll events in the play false realities. We will write a custom essay on Taming Of The Shrew (972 words) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Almost all characters in the play take on identities other than their own atsome point of time during the play. Sly as a king, Tranio as Lucentio, Lucentioas Cambio, Hortensio as Litio and the pedant as Vicentio are all examples ofthis. Another example of this is Katherine as an obedient wife. In The Taming OfThe Shrew, courtship and marriage are not so much the result of love but ratheran institution of society that people are expected to take part in. As a resultof the removal of romance from marriage, suitors are judged, not by their lovefor a woman, but by how well they can provide for her. All suitors compare thedowry each can bring to the marriage and the one with the most to offer winsthe womans hand in marriage. This competition for marriage is like a game tothe characters of the play. While discussing the courtship of Bianca with Gremio,Hortensio says He that runs fastest gets The ring (Act I, scene i,l. 140-141) likening receiving permission to wed Bianca to winning a race. Inthe game, however, women are treated like objects that can be bought and soldrather than as human beings. This is expected since the society is a patriarchalone. For example, Lucentio, Tranio and Petruchio are all defined with referenceto their fathers and all the elderly authority figures, like Baptista andVicentio, are men. The taming of Katherine is not a womens shrewishness beingcured as much as it is a woman being taught the rules of the patriarchal game. .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817 , .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817 .postImageUrl , .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817 , .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817:hover , .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817:visited , .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817:active { border:0!important; } .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817:active , .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817 .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Death Of A Salesman Essay Willy Gets FiredKatherine has learned how to be assertive and with this knowledge is able tocontrol men, and a woman controlling a man is considered against the rules ofthe game. The play ends with Katherine proving that she is truly cured of her shrewishnessand is the most obedient of the three newlywed wives at the end of the play. This is demonstrated in her soliloquy when she lectures the other wives on theproper way in which a woman should behave: I am ashamed that women are so simpleTo offer war where they should kneel for peace, Or seek rule, supremacy, andsway, When they are bound to serve, love, and obey. (Act V, scene ii, l. 161 164) Although most critics interpret the play as being that of a woman finallyacting the way in which she is supposed to act, it is difficult to believe thata character as vibrant and strong-willed as Katherine is changed so easily. Following with the device of false realities that Shakespeare set in place soearly in the play, it would seem more logical that Katherine would simply beacting the part of the obedient wife in order to be accepted in the society inwhich she lives. Katherine can play a part very well and can even enjoy doingit. This is shown on the road to Padua from Petruchios house when Kate isforced to address Vincentio as a woman and says, Young budding virgin,fair and fresh and sweet (Act IV, scene v, l. 37). The Taming Of The Shrewis a light-hearted comedy that is better seen than read. This is especially truesince a lot of the humour in it is physical or slapstick humour which ispossible only on stage. The complexity of the play is refreshing, as many of themodern plays of today are quite linear and do little to keep a readersattention. Another favourable aspect of it is the subplot involving Lucentio andBianca which lends itself as the basis for many humourous moments, most notablybetween Luce ntio, Hortensio and Bianca. The obvious sexist attitude of the playdoes not hinder it because of the reasons stated above. One must also take intoaccount the attitudes of sixteenth century England and the fact that the play isa comedy and is not meant to be taken seriously.

Satire as a Tool for Fighting Political Impunity

Communication and media are facing the need to say or do something different in a new way. This simplifies the efforts by communication channels to be unique in their presentations so that they can attract large audiences.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Satire as a Tool for Fighting Political Impunity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More New ideas, new topics of research and advanced students have made this area not only innovative but also controversial (Hartley 2011). This research sets the pace for other academic and extensive research on this topic. Danesi defines media as any productions, for instance, TV programs, radio shows, newspaper columns or advertisements (2009, p. 194). Producers use contemporary media texts to convey meaning to the audience. It is not certain, however, that the audience will receive this message as intended because the text could be misinterpreted or misunderstood. Contemporary media channels (for example TV) use communicative codes that need decoding (Hartley 2011, p. 3). TV communicators know that their message could not be decoded the same way by all their audiences. Therefore, research is vital to establish how the message sent can reach the target audience, and what to do to ensure proper decoding takes place. According to Hartley, textual (semiotics) and audience (sociological) analysis should be done to know how to use the media to reach a mass audience. What challenges do satirists face in their fight against political impunity? Satire is dramatic, literary, or visual art created to review folly or abuse. Even though it uses humor and wit, satire intends to shade light on the wrong deeds present in both the social and political circles. Parody, on the hand, is a stylist imitation serving to call attention to and ridicule original style (Boler Turpin 2008, p. 401). Irony is among the styles used in satire. In this case, a person says one thing but means a different thing. It brings out the shared cultural meanings in satire in order to create the jokes. There are stages where irony could be used, for instance, when issuing statements about news media, parody characters and performances at events.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this study, I will focus on satire as a tool for fighting political impunity, and the challenges that the satirists face. Many countries experience political issues in one way or the other. These issues range from bribery and corruption, nepotism, ethnic divisions, misappropriation of public funds, racial discrimination e.t.c. When a producer creates a comedy show, their intention is always to entertain as well as educate the audiences. Satirists have also used music to pass across their messages by composing songs that rebuke corruption in the government. Negus states that we corporate machines should not attempt to control creativity in the popular music just to satisfy their greed (McIntyre 2011). Both musicians and satirists should be left to express themselves through their talents. According to Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert, comedy shows are not news since they do not have partisan agendas, they just entertain their audiences. The Daily Show is a late night comedy show in the United States and Canada. According to Boler and Turpin (p. 391), since real news shows do not confirm political claims against reality, fake news shows have taken over the role of revealing that many politicians tell lies. McClennen (2011, p. 13) describes Colbert’s parody as Bill O’Reilley at White house dinner, where he gave a satirical speech as the most aggressive public confrontation of President Bush during his tenure in office. In his speech, Colbert revealed all the scandals in the government thereby exposing what the main stream media had failed to expose. This act made Colbert a legend. Can a comedy show like The Daily Show be held accountable to journalistic standards and integrity? This is the question that lingers in people’s minds. According to Joe Stewart, comedy shows cannot be held accountable to journalistic standards since they engage in theater instead of engaging in critical journalism. He insists that news organizations should not look to comedy for â€Å"cues on integrity† (Boler Turpin 2008, p. 395). There has been a general public dissatisfaction with the main stream media personnel who concealing political vices in governments. The audience has thus lost trust in the main stream media and has now resorted to support satirists who expose the real issues in governments. Popular comedy hosts have been outstanding and recommended for their courage to say the truth and confront political issues without fear or favour. An exchange between Stewart and Moyer in 2003 focused on journalism and satire in a contradictory way. M oyers questioned whether, Stewart practiced an old form of satire or the form of journalism. In his response, Stewart states that this issue could be determined by whether Moyers was speaking about news or comedy adding that we are living in the new form of desperation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Satire as a Tool for Fighting Political Impunity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With the advents in media, people have been able to display their talents through social sites like YouTube. Satirists all over the world are creating satirical shows using the available digital equipment and posting them on YouTube for people to see. Because of this, artists now have lucrative deals by leading companies who nurtured their talents and made them stars. Political satirists, like Chris Rock have also posted their work on social sites to increase public awareness on political issues. Through the mass media like TV, Radio and the Internet, many people have come to know about scandals that they never knew. Many people have also learnt about their political systems through satirical shows. Peterson says that most Americans get to know their politicians through satirical shows (2008, p. 21). The description of these politicians is so funny that it leaves the memory in people’s heads. There is evidently more political satire in democratic countries than in authoritarian regimes according to Leonard. This is because of the freedom of expression that exists in these democracies. In reference to my question above, it is true that political satire can help in fighting vices in political systems, but the challenges are overwhelming. According to Freeman (2009), throughout history, the political jester can speak truth to power even though there is always censorship of some sort in this industry. This has made it difficult for the satirists to run their shows without restrictions by the authorities in th eir countries. Another challenge that satirists face is the problem in finding and holding an audience since many people dislike like politics. More often, therefore, these shows tend to incorporate other jokes about cultures, personalities or ethnic groups’ social issues into their shows so that they can attract people’s attentions. The negative attitude that people have towards satirists also hinders their work of fighting political vices through comedy. According to the Lake Victorian caricaturist and essayist Mac Beerbohm, a satirist is a person laying about lustily to hurt or injure those who according to him should be hurt and injured (Freedman 2009, p. 1).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since no one likes to be ridiculed, political satire has often been labeled as a dangerous and uncomfortable field since the people one makes fun of may decide to sue them or pose a threat to their lives. Many US satirists believe that president Bush deserved to be hurt and injured. They, therefore, went ahead to scorn and ridicule him on their comedy shows. Zerubavel gives an example of a satirist, who mocks an emperor by telling him that he is either blind, or the emperor is naked† (2006 p. 73). According to Freedman (p. 14), other targets for satire are Bill Clinton (the sex scandal) and George Bush (his leaders). Different people react to satire different. While some will choose to laugh at the jokes and even appear at the shows, others get angered and cut off offending passages on the newspapers or ban the TV show and imprison or penalize the satirists. In the 1920s, for example, the Soviet Union, imprisoned Philipon and his colleagues and their magazines banned for satir ically criticizing the government. There is another challenge of maintaining the momentum in comedy shows. Satirists have to look for fresh jokes keep their audience entertained. This seems to be the biggest challenge for satirists since the audience is the most powerful person in their work. They thus need to carry out thorough research for them to reach a desired audience and get their attention. Some of the Key Concepts that should be considered in order to overcome these challenges are as follows; Censorship- Hartley (p. 38) defines censorship as the control of published content by official agencies in order to discipline the populations and render any dangerous thoughts and desires docile. It is thus essential for satirists to analyse their government systems and program their show in a way that they will speak up against the vices, but in a soft way to avoid censorship. Communication- this is a meaning generating interaction between two systems or organisms by means of mutuall y recognizing signals (Hartley, p. 49). Satirists design and present their jokes with the intention of passing information. This information could concern corruption in the government, the high cost of living or nepotism in the civil service. Text is anything that represents, expresses or communicates speeches, poems or programs. The text in satirical programs stands for the message that the producer wants to pass to the audience. The Celebrity- The person that speaks at a show will affect the way a message is received. The public reaction to a joke or mockery will significantly depend on whom that person is. Celebrities in this case always have an upper hand to charm the audiences than regular people. The reason behind this is that already they have a fan base hence they just need to tickle them a little for them to burst into laughter. Many people will attend a satirical show hosted by Chris Rock than one hosted by an unknown person. Audience- Watson Hill (p. 16) state that an au dience is the receptors of messages sent. For a show to be successful, the producer should consider creating a content that will fit the audiences. Gender, academic level, religious background and language, will determine the approach to take in their presentation. Context- Hartley (p. 61) defines context as the environment where we make a presentation. Political satire is not advisable in a country that is experiencing violence due to political difference since this will fuel violence. In 2008 Republican John McCain and his wife were victims of political satire during a talk show called The View, hosted by five female presenters. The hosts saw that environment as the perfect opportunity for them to mock the presidential aspirant for approving of a message on advertisements that were propaganda campaigns against his opponent, Barrack Obama (Jones 2010, p. 3). This action signifies how democracy may turn around and hurt the same people who defend it through satire. This is evidently the reason behind strict restrictions by authoritarian governments on satirical programs. Media- is any means of transmitting information according to Danesi (2009). For comedy shows to reach their target audiences, the producers should choose their media correct. Comic shows have adopted with the changes in media trend well. According to Kellner, mainstream media processes information, events and news as media spectacle (2009). It is this power of the media that has taken these shows to facebook, twitter, YouTube and MySpace. These innovations have led to the work of writers like Hemingway (The Sun Also Rises) to be translated into films (Hay 2011, p. 24). Women have also decided to join the field of political satire as writers, cartoonists or performers. Maureen Dowd and Molly Ivins are among the noticeable number of women who have made their names as satirists (Freedman 2009, p. 2). It is vital for both private and government institutions to support satirists carry out their self -imposed role of being watchdogs. This avenue could also grow to create employment opportunities to the youths. Reference List Boler, M Turpin, S 2008, â€Å"The daily show and crossfire: Satire and Sincerity as Truth to Power†, in Megan, Boler, Digital Media and Democracy: Tactics in Hard Times, MIT Press, USA. Danesi, M Berger, A 2009, Dictionary of Media and Communication. M.E Sharpe Inc, New York, USA. Freedman, L 2009, The Offensive Art: Political Satire and Its Censorship around the World from Beerbohm to Borat, Greenwood publishing group, London UK. Hartley, J 2011, Communication, Cultural and Media Studies: The Key Concepts, 4th Ed. Routledge, London, UK. Hays, P 2011, The critical reception of Hemingway’s The Sun also rises. Camden House, New York, USA. Jones, J 2010, Entertaining Politics: Satirical Television and political engagement, 2nd ed. Rowland Littlefield Publishers Inc, Maryland, USA. Kellner, D 2009, â€Å"Media Spectacles and Media Events: Some Critical Reflections†, in N. Couldry et al, Media Events in Global Age, Routledge, London, UK. McClennen, S 2011, America According to Colbert: Satire as Public Pedagogy, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, USA. McIntyre, P 2011, â€Å"Popular Music: Creativity and Authenticity† in Creativity and Cultural Production: Issues for Media Practice, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke. Peterson, R 2008, Strange Bedfellows: How Late-Night Comedy Turns Democracy into a Joke, NJ, USA. Watson J Hill A. 2012, Dictionary of Media and Communication Studies, 8th ed. Bloomsbury Academic, London UK. Zerubavel E. 2006, Elephant in the Room: Silence and Denial in Everyday Life, Oxford University Press NC, USA This essay on Satire as a Tool for Fighting Political Impunity was written and submitted by user Charleigh Guthrie to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.