The Third Estate During the French Revolution

In early modern Europe, the Estates were a theoretical division of a countrys population, and the Third Estate referred to the mass of normal, everyday people. They played a vital role in the early days of the French Revolution, which also ended the common use of the division. The Three Estates Sometimes, in late medieval and early France, a gathering termed  an Estates General was called. This was a representative body designed to rubber-stamp the decisions of the king. It was not a parliament as the English would understand it, and it often didnt do what the monarch was hoping for, and by the late eighteenth century had fallen out of royal favor. This Estates General divided the representatives who came to it into three, and this division was often applied to French society as a whole. The First Estate was comprised of the clergy, the Second Estate the nobility, and the Third Estate everyone else. Makeup of the Estates The Third Estate was thus a vastly larger proportion of the population than the other two estates, but in the Estates General, they only had one vote, the same as the other two estates had each. Equally, the representatives who went to the Estates General werent drawn evenly across all of society: they tended to be the well to do clergy and nobles, such as the middle class. When the Estates General was called in the late 1980s, many of the Third Estates representatives were lawyers and other professionals, rather than anyone in what would be considered in socialist theory lower class. The Third Estate Makes History The Third Estate would become a very important early part of the French Revolution. In the aftermath of Frances decisive aid to the colonists in the American War of Independence, the French crown found itself in a terrible financial position. Experts on finance  came and went, but nothing was resolving the issue, and the French king accepted appeals for an Estates General to be called and for this to rubber-stamp financial reform. However, from a royal point of view, it went terribly wrong. The Estates was called, the votes were had, and representatives arrived to form the Estates General. But the dramatic inequality in voting—the Third Estate represented more people, but only had the same voting power as the clergy or the nobility—led to the Third Estate demanding more voting power, and as things developed, more rights. The king mishandled events, and so did his advisors, while members of both the clergy and the nobility went over (physically) to the Third Estate to support their demands. In 1789, this led to the creation of a new National Assembly that better represented those not part of the clergy or nobility. In turn, they also effectively started the French Revolution, which would sweep away not just the king and the old laws but the whole Estates system in favor of citizenship. The Third Estate had therefore  left a major mark on history when it effectively gained the power to dissolve itself.

heypih Essay - 2506 Words

Najah Ronya Imad 212125025 Strategic Management - MMM365 T2 2014 HM Individual Case Analysis Word count: 2393 Q1. What do you think is the most critical strategic issue confronting HM? Explain your answer by drawing on relevant topics in Strategic Management The most critical strategic issue that HM needs to confront is the declining market position in relation to the rapid expansion of Zara and other fashion retailers. Hennes and Maurtiz, or also known for short as HM, is a big billion dollar Swedish fashion company which engages in designing and retailing fashion products from cosmetics, footwear and accessories for men, women and children. Operating all over the globe, throughout 43†¦show more content†¦Thanks to these, HM was ranked number 21 out of 100 for the most valuable global brands according to inter brand in 2011, with a brand value of 16.5 billion dollars. In comparison with close competitor Zara ranked in at number 44 with 8 billion dollars’ worth of brand value. This huge difference can partly be attributed to HM’s long term advertising campaigns with high-profile celebrities. In order to enhance the value of its brand name, HM spends around 5% of its revenue on advertising. HM has also established a strong social media presence. The company aims to become part of its customer’s daily lives through its pages on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Google+ and YouTube as well as the Chinese social media networks Youku and Sina Weibo. Through these networks followers share ideas and opinions and get quick answers to their questions. This is important for this day and ages were people do not want to wait for too long. Also new fashion videos and catwalks are constantly uploaded to YouTube with millions of views. The App for uses is also new which offers the latest collection and campaigns and find out what is new. In relation to strategic management it’s important to note the Five Forces Framework when determining the competitive forces. If an industry has low competitiveness then there will be an expected high level of profit then in comparison to

Taming Of The Shrew (972 words) Essay Example For Students

Taming Of The Shrew (972 words) Essay Taming Of The ShrewThe Taming Of The Shrew by William Shakespeare is probably one of Shakespearesearliest comedies. Its plot is derived from the popular war of the sexes themein which males and females are pitted against one another for dominance inmarriage. The play begins with an induction in which a drunkard, ChristopherSly, is fooled into believing he is a king and has a play performed for him. Theplay he watches is what constitutes the main body of The Taming Of The Shrew. Init, a wealthy land owner, Baptista Minola, attempts to have his two daughtersmarried. One is very shrewish, Katherine, while the other is the beautiful andgentle Bianca. In order to ensure Katherine is married, Baptista disallowsBianca to be espoused until Katherine is wed, forcing the many suitors to Biancato find a mate for Katherine in order for them to vie for Biancas love. Manycritics of the play condemn it for the blatant sexist attitude it has towardwomen but closer examination of the play and the int ricacies of its structurereveal that it is not merely a story of how men should put women in theirplace. The play is, in fact, a comedy about an assertive woman coping with howshe is expected to act in the society of the late sixteenth century and of howone must obey the unwritten rules of a society to be accepted in it. Althoughthe play ends with her outwardly conforming to the norms of society, this is inaction only, not in mind. Although she assumes the role of the obedient wife,inwardly she still retains her assertiveness. Most of the plays humour comesfrom the way in which characters create false realities by disguising themselvesas other people, a device first introduced in the induction. Initially this isaccomplished by having Christopher Sly believe he is someone he is not and thenby having the main play performed for him. By putting The Taming Of The Shrew ina play within a play structure, Shakespeare immediately lets the audience knowthat the play is not real thus making a ll events in the play false realities. We will write a custom essay on Taming Of The Shrew (972 words) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Almost all characters in the play take on identities other than their own atsome point of time during the play. Sly as a king, Tranio as Lucentio, Lucentioas Cambio, Hortensio as Litio and the pedant as Vicentio are all examples ofthis. Another example of this is Katherine as an obedient wife. In The Taming OfThe Shrew, courtship and marriage are not so much the result of love but ratheran institution of society that people are expected to take part in. As a resultof the removal of romance from marriage, suitors are judged, not by their lovefor a woman, but by how well they can provide for her. All suitors compare thedowry each can bring to the marriage and the one with the most to offer winsthe womans hand in marriage. This competition for marriage is like a game tothe characters of the play. While discussing the courtship of Bianca with Gremio,Hortensio says He that runs fastest gets The ring (Act I, scene i,l. 140-141) likening receiving permission to wed Bianca to winning a race. Inthe game, however, women are treated like objects that can be bought and soldrather than as human beings. This is expected since the society is a patriarchalone. For example, Lucentio, Tranio and Petruchio are all defined with referenceto their fathers and all the elderly authority figures, like Baptista andVicentio, are men. The taming of Katherine is not a womens shrewishness beingcured as much as it is a woman being taught the rules of the patriarchal game. .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817 , .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817 .postImageUrl , .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817 , .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817:hover , .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817:visited , .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817:active { border:0!important; } .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817:active , .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817 .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc66cd46deebc80bfbc20725352ebf817:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Death Of A Salesman Essay Willy Gets FiredKatherine has learned how to be assertive and with this knowledge is able tocontrol men, and a woman controlling a man is considered against the rules ofthe game. The play ends with Katherine proving that she is truly cured of her shrewishnessand is the most obedient of the three newlywed wives at the end of the play. This is demonstrated in her soliloquy when she lectures the other wives on theproper way in which a woman should behave: I am ashamed that women are so simpleTo offer war where they should kneel for peace, Or seek rule, supremacy, andsway, When they are bound to serve, love, and obey. (Act V, scene ii, l. 161 164) Although most critics interpret the play as being that of a woman finallyacting the way in which she is supposed to act, it is difficult to believe thata character as vibrant and strong-willed as Katherine is changed so easily. Following with the device of false realities that Shakespeare set in place soearly in the play, it would seem more logical that Katherine would simply beacting the part of the obedient wife in order to be accepted in the society inwhich she lives. Katherine can play a part very well and can even enjoy doingit. This is shown on the road to Padua from Petruchios house when Kate isforced to address Vincentio as a woman and says, Young budding virgin,fair and fresh and sweet (Act IV, scene v, l. 37). The Taming Of The Shrewis a light-hearted comedy that is better seen than read. This is especially truesince a lot of the humour in it is physical or slapstick humour which ispossible only on stage. The complexity of the play is refreshing, as many of themodern plays of today are quite linear and do little to keep a readersattention. Another favourable aspect of it is the subplot involving Lucentio andBianca which lends itself as the basis for many humourous moments, most notablybetween Luce ntio, Hortensio and Bianca. The obvious sexist attitude of the playdoes not hinder it because of the reasons stated above. One must also take intoaccount the attitudes of sixteenth century England and the fact that the play isa comedy and is not meant to be taken seriously.